32)django-modelform
一：mdoelform
modelform是model和form结合
model+form =>验证+数据库
class A(model): user= pass= Form: class LoginForm(model): user= pass= 字段重复 modelform class LoginModelForm(XXX) 利用model.A中字段
二：modelfrom写法
class UserInfoModelForm(forms.ModelForm):
class Meta:
model=models.UserInfo #去那个类里获取字段
fields="__all__" #__all__代自所有字段， fields=["username",",email"]
exclude=["username"] #除了username字段之外
继承顺序：
UserInfoForm-->Form-->BaseForm
UserInfoModelForm--ModelForm--BaseModelForm-->BaseForm
三：ModelForm
a. class Meta:
model, # 对应Model的
fields=None, # 字段
exclude=None, # 排除字段
labels=None, # 提示信息
help_texts=None, # 帮助提示信息
widgets=None, # 自定义插件
error_messages=None, # 自定义错误信息（整体错误信息from django.core.exceptions import NON_FIELD_ERRORS）
field_classes=None # 自定义字段类 （也可以自定义字段）
localized_fields=('birth_date',) # 本地化，如：根据不同时区显示数据
如：
数据库中
2016-12-27 04:10:57
setting中的配置
TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'
USE_TZ = True
则显示：
2016-12-27 12:10:57
b. 验证执行过程
is_valid -> full_clean -> 钩子 -> 整体错误
c. 字典字段验证
def clean_字段名(self):
# 可以抛出异常
# from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError
return "新值"
d. 用于验证
model_form_obj = XXOOModelForm()
model_form_obj.is_valid()
model_form_obj.errors.as_json()
model_form_obj.clean()
model_form_obj.cleaned_data
e. 用于创建
model_form_obj = XXOOModelForm(request.POST)
#### 页面显示，并提交 #####
# 默认保存多对多
obj = form.save(commit=True)
# 不做任何操作，内部定义 save_m2m（用于保存多对多）
obj = form.save(commit=False)
obj.save() # 保存单表信息
obj.save_m2m() # 保存关联多对多信息
f. 用于更新和初始化
obj = model.tb.objects.get(id=1)
model_form_obj = XXOOModelForm(request.POST,instance=obj)
...
PS: 单纯初始化
model_form_obj = XXOOModelForm(initial={...})
四：示例
1）快速生成表单和编辑
#urls.py url(r'^index/', views.index), url(r'^user_list/', views.user_list), url(r'^edit-(\d+)/', views.user_edit), #views.py from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse from app01 import models from django import forms from django.forms import fields as Ffields from django.forms import widgets as Fwidgets class UserInfoModelForm(forms.ModelForm): is_rmb = Ffields.CharField(widget=Fwidgets.CheckboxInput()) class Meta: model = models.UserInfo fields = '__all__' # fields = ['username','email'] # exclude = ['username'] labels = { 'username': '用户名', 'email': '邮箱', } help_texts = { 'username': '...' } widgets = { 'username': Fwidgets.Textarea(attrs={'class': 'c1'}) } error_messages = { '__all__':{ }, 'email': { 'required': '邮箱不能为空', 'invalid': '邮箱格式错误..', } } field_classes = { # 'email': Ffields.URLField } # localized_fields=('ctime',) def clean_username(self): old = self.cleaned_data['username'] return old class UserInfoForm(forms.Form): username = Ffields.CharField(max_length=32) email = Ffields.EmailField() user_type = Ffields.ChoiceField( choices=models.UserType.objects.values_list('id','caption') ) def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): super(UserInfoForm,self).__init__(*args, **kwargs) self.fields['user_type'].choices = models.UserType.objects.values_list('id','caption') def index(request): if request.method == "GET": obj = UserInfoModelForm() return render(request,'index.html',{'obj': obj}) elif request.method == "POST": obj = UserInfoModelForm(request.POST) if obj.is_valid(): # obj.save() instance = obj.save(False) instance.save() obj.save_m2m() # print(obj.is_valid()) # print(obj.cleaned_data) # print(obj.errors.as_json()) return render(request,'index.html',{'obj': obj}) def user_list(request): li = models.UserInfo.objects.all().select_related('user_type') return render(request,'user_list.html',{'li': li}) def user_edit(request, nid): # 获取当前id对象的用户信息 # 显示用户已经存在数据 if request.method == "GET": user_obj = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id=nid).first() mf = UserInfoModelForm(instance=user_obj) return render(request,'user_edit.html',{'mf': mf, 'nid': nid}) elif request.method == 'POST': user_obj = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id=nid).first() mf = UserInfoModelForm(request.POST,instance=user_obj) if mf.is_valid(): mf.save() else: print(mf.errors.as_json()) return render(request,'user_edit.html',{'mf': mf, 'nid': nid}) #index.htm 快速生成表单 <!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title></title> </head> <body> <form action="/index/" method="POST"> {% csrf_token %} {{ obj.as_p }} <input type="submit" value="提交" /> </form> </body> </html> #user_list.html #用户列表 <!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title></title> </head> <body> <ul> {% for row in li %} <li>{{ row.username }} - {{ row.user_type.caption }} - <a href="/edit-{{ row.id }}/">编辑</a></li> {% endfor %} </ul> </body> </html> #user_edit.html #快递编辑 <!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title></title> </head> <body> <form method="POST" action="/edit-{{ nid }}/"> {% csrf_token %} {{ mf.as_p }} <input type="submit" value="提交" /> </form> </body> </html>View Code
from django.db import models # Create your models here. class UserType(models.Model): caption = models.CharField(max_length=32) class UserGroup(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=32) class UserInfo(models.Model): username = models.CharField(max_length=32) email = models.EmailField() user_type = models.ForeignKey(to='UserType',to_field='id') u2g = models.ManyToManyField(UserGroup)View Code
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