Django —— 小记报错

ORM错误

    job_name = "job_%s_%s_%s" % (flight['org'], flight['dst'], job_create_time)
TypeError: 'Flight' object is not subscriptable

原因：models中的模型类取字通过 "."获取，修改为flight.org flight.dst

from . import views 报错invild

某个app下urls报错，但urls.py中正确。可能原因：views视图中存在错误.

错误

EOL while scanning string literal (urls.py, line 28

提示错误点urls.py中存在非法字符

name 'app_name' is not defined

/project_name/urls.py in <module>, line 28

原因：urls.py中app名字未导入

TypeError: expected str, bytes or os.PathLike object, not NoneType

Unhandled exception in thread started by <function check_errors.<locals>.wrapper at 0x00000273909BF950>
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\丁伊仙\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\django\utils\autoreload.py", line 226, in wrapper
    fn(*args, **kwargs)
  File "C:\Users\丁伊仙\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\commands\runserver.py", line 117, in inner_run
    self.check_migrations()
  File "C:\Users\丁伊仙\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\commands\runserver.py", line 163, in check_migrations
    executor = MigrationExecutor(connections[DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS])
  File "C:\Users\丁伊仙\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\django\db\migrations\executor.py", line 20, in __init__
    self.loader = MigrationLoader(self.connection)
  File "C:\Users\丁伊仙\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\django\db\migrations\loader.py", line 49, in __init__
    self.build_graph()
  File "C:\Users\丁伊仙\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\django\db\migrations\loader.py", line 170, in build_graph
    self.load_disk()
  File "C:\Users\丁伊仙\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\django\db\migrations\loader.py", line 95, in load_disk
    directory = os.path.dirname(module.__file__)　　　　<===★
  File "C:\Users\丁伊仙\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\ntpath.py", line 221, in dirname
    return split(p)[0]
  File "C:\Users\丁伊仙\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\ntpath.py", line 183, in split
    p = os.fspath(p)
TypeError: expected str, bytes or os.PathLike object, not NoneType

manage.py runserver启动django项目后，出现该条报错。

上述★标记处会导入module.__file__，在该处print(module.__file__)，结果为多条文件路径，发现最后一条为"None"（遇到None即报错）

于是发现出错原因在于某app下的migrations文件夹为空，缺少__init__.py

手动创建__init__.py，重新启动项目，启动成功。

会按照app注册顺序导入每个注册的app下的migrations文件夹下的__init__.py文件

django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: The SECRET_KEY setting must not be empty.

可能的原因：settings.py中，"from .middleware import LoginAndPermissionMiddleware"，去掉即可。

'Settings' object has no attribute 'xxxx'

导入settings：from django.conf import settings

在调用settings文件中配置的某个变量时，抛出该错误。但实际上该属性已配置在settings文件中。

查询settings源码，LazySettings类会加载django项目中配置的DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE，实例出一个Settings对象 -> Settings(settings_module)。

class Settings(BaseSettings):
    def __init__(self, settings_module):
        # update this dict from global settings (but only for ALL_CAPS settings)
        for setting in dir(global_settings):
            if setting.isupper():
                setattr(self, setting, getattr(global_settings, setting))
    
        # 仅加载自配置settings文件中全大写属性。
        mod = importlib.import_module(self.SETTINGS_MODULE)
        for setting in dir(mod):
            if setting.isupper():
                setting_value = getattr(mod, setting)

                if (setting in tuple_settings and
                        not isinstance(setting_value, (list, tuple))):
                    raise ImproperlyConfigured("The %s setting must be a list or a tuple. "
                            "Please fix your settings." % setting)
                setattr(self, setting, setting_value)
                self._explicit_settings.add(setting)

★ 故在配置文件settings中的属性，变量名必须为大写，否则不会被设置为Settings对象的属性。

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